How has US Immigration Policy been Criticized over Time?

How has US in-migration Policy been Criticized solely over Time?Directions How has US in-migration policy been criticized over fourth dimension? Students drive to consider public challenges to immigration policy. Write a paragraph utilise evidence from the sources that compares and contrasts the arguments do in opposition to three historical approaches to immigration policy.Use the Venn diagram to help organize your informationStudents will visualise the actual legislation behind the three actions taken around immigration. generators utilizeSource A Political cartoon, The Americanese Wall-as sexual congressman Burnett Would Build ItSource B Excerpt from a speech by Meyer JacobsteinSource C 1965 in-migration court-orderedity Changed salute of AmericaCriticismsSource ASource BSource CList the criticisms of each immigration policy to begin with writing your one page paperFeatured SourceSource A Raymond O. Evans, cartoon, The Americanese Wall-as Congressman John Lawson Burne tt Would Build It, Puck, March 25, 1916Public domain. Available from the subr startine library of Congress http//www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b00563/.Featured SourceSource B Senator Meyer Jacobstein of forward-looking York, congressional speech arguing against immigration stoprictions, Congressional Record (excerpt),1924 possibly the chief argument expressed or implied by those favoring the Johnson bill the Immigration Act of 1924 is that the new immigrant is non of a type that can be assimilated or that he will not carry on the trounce traditions of the founders of our Nation, only if, on the contrary, is possible to fill our jails, our almshouses, and other institutions that impose a great tax burden on the Nation.Based on this prejudice and dis same, at that place has grown up an almost fanatical anti-immigration sentiment. But this charge against the newcomers is denied, and considerable evidence has been brought to prove that they do not furnish a disproportiona te share of the inmates of these institutions. One of the purposes in change to the 1890 census is to reduce the look of undesirables and defectives in our institutions. In fact, this aspect of the question must fox make a very deep impression on the committee because it crops out on every occasion. The committee has unquestionably been influenced by the conclusions drawn from a study made by Dr. Laughlin.This is not the first time in American history that such(prenominal) an anti-foreign hysteria has swept the country. Reread your American histories. Go hold up and glance through McMasters History of the unite States applications programme the years from 1820 to 1850. You will find there m whatsoever pages devoted to the degree Celsius per centers of that time. So strange was the blend inment against the foreigner in those decades before the polished War that a national political party, the Know-Nothing Party, sought to ride into magnate on the crest of this fanatical wav e.In those early days, however, the anti-foreign movement, strangely enough, was enjoin against the very mint whom we now seek to prefer-the English, the Irish, and the Germans. The calamity howlers of a century ago prophesied that these foreigners would drag our Nation to destruction.The trouble is that the committee is suffering from a delusion. It is carried away with the belief that there is such a thing as a Nordic race which possesses all the virtues, and in like style creates the fiction of an inferior group of peoples, for which no name has been invented.Nothing is more(prenominal) than un-American. Nothing could be more dangerous, in a land the administration of which says that all men are created equal, than to write into our uprightness a theory which puts one race above another, which stamps one group of people as superior and another as inferior. The fact that it is camouflaged in a maze of statistics will not protect this Nation from the evil consequences of s uch an unscientific, un-American, wicked philosophy.Public domain. Congressional Record, 1924.Featured SourceSource C Jennifer Ludden, transcript of All Things Considered program more or less immigration policy, 1965 Immigration Law Changed Face of America National Public Radio, May 9, 2006NOTE Students should mind to the piece online at http//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5391395.Transcript1965 Immigration Law Changed Face of AmericaMay 09, 2006MICHELE NORRIS, HostFrom NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. Im Michele Norris.ROBERT SIEGEL, HostAnd Im Robert Siegel.As Congress considers sweeping changes to immigration law, nearly all the debate has centered on the problem of penal immigration. Theres been very little talk about the concerns of legal immigrants, the estimated three to four million people who are, as its often said, already standing in line.NORRIS Today were going to begin a three-part series about the process of immigrating to the U.S. legally. First, were going to step back and look at the history of our immigration law. The current system dates to 1965. It marked a extreme break with previous policy and has led to profound demographic changes. As NPRs Jennifer Ludden reports, thats not how the law was seen when it was passed.JENNIFER LUDDEN This is the kind of rally that was taking place back then.(SOUNDBITE OF CIVIL RIGHTS RALLY)LUDDEN At the height of the Civil Rights movement, equality, democracy, freedom were the ideas that seized the nation. And against them, the way the communicate together States decided which foreigners could and could not enter the country became an increasing em obstructionrassment.STEPHEN KLINEBERG I mean, the law was unspoilt unbelievable in its clarity of racism.LUDDEN Stephen Klineberg is a sociologist at rice University.KLINEBERG It declared that Northern Europeans are a superior subspecies of the black-and-blue race. The Nordics were superior to the Alpines, who in turn were superior to the Mediterraneans, and all of them were superior to the Jews and the Asians.LUDDEN By the 1960s, Greeks, Poles, Portuguese and Italians were complaining that immigration quotas discriminated against them in favor of Western Europeans. The democratic Party took up their cause, led by the new president. Heres John F. Kennedy verbalize to the Italian migration in June 1963.JOHN F. KENNEDY There are still a good many brothers and sisters of American citizens who are unable to reward here, who whitethorn find preferences as members of families, but because of the maldistribution of quotas in the European area, we fetch this situation, which has turn nearly intolerable.LUDDEN After Kennedys assassination, Congress passed and President Lyndon Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality work Act. It leveled the immigration playing field, giving a nearly equal quill to newcomers from every corner of the world. The ceremony was held at the foot of the symbolically sizable Sta tue of Liberty. But if cable TV networks had been there, they probably would not urinate impoverished in live. Heres how President Johnson began his speech.LYNDON JOHNSON This bill that we will sign today is not a revolutionary bill. It does not affect the lives of millions. It will not determine the structure of our daily lives or really add importantly to each our wealth or our power.LUDDEN Hearing that now, it is an amazing statement because it proved so wrong. So how could Johnson say that? Sociologist Klineberg says the governments newfound sense of egalitarianism only went so far. The central purpose of the new immigration law was to reunite families.KLINEBERG So the Congress then said, well, nothings going to change, because were going to give preference to people who are already, who are related to people who are already here. therefore it added another provision, if you were a professional of exceptional ability, if you have skills that are in demonstrably short supply , you, too, can come to the head of the line.Congress was apothegm in its debates, we need to open the door for some more British doctors, some more German engineers. It never occurred to anyone, literally, that there were going to be African doctors, Indian engineers, Chinese computer programmers whod be able, for the first time in the 20th century, to immigrate to America.LUDDEN In fact, skillful after expert had testified before Congress that little would change. Secretary of State Dean zwieback repeatedly stressed the issue wasnt the numbers. No more people were likely to come, it was simply the principle.Listen to this reading of an exchange between Secretary twice-baked bread and a skeptical Senator Sam Irvin, Democrat of North Carolina.Unidentified human 1 You have in India a lot of people who would like to get into this country, do you not?Unidentified Man 2 We dont have a long waiting list.Man 1 It is because they havent been able to get in. Even with a bleak opportunit y to get in, as they have, they have 150 applications for every visa that could be issued.NORRIS Yes, the present estimate, based upon the outperform information we can get, is there might be, say, 8,000 immigrants from India in the next quintuple years. In other words, I dont think we have a grouchy picture of a world situation where everybody is just straining to move to the unite States.OTIS GRAHAM When I first started studying this, I thought, now theyre lying, because they want this thing to pass.LUDDEN But historian Otis graham flour, professor emeritus of the University of California at Santa Barbara, changed his mind.GRAHAM I changed my mind because Ive found, in the research that Ive been able to do, that so many lobbyists that followed this issue, so many effort union executives that followed this issue, so many church people, so many of those pertain said the same thing. So you find ignorance three feet deep. Maybe ignorance is the answer.KAREN NARASAKI I often wo nder whether some of the people knew, but perhaps werent share-out that with other people. Because it would s electric charge them.LUDDEN Karen Narasaki heads the Asian American Justice Center. She finds the 1965 immigration draw all the more extraordinary because theres evidence it was not popular with the public.NARASAKI It was not what people were marching in the streets over in the 1960s. It was really a group of political elites who, I think, were trying to look into the future of the United States. And again, it was the issue of, are we going to be true to what we say our determine are?MARIAN metalworker Well here you are in the CIS Historical Reference Library, our history office and library.LUDDEN Marian metalworker is the historian for Citizenship and Immigration Services, one of the agencies that replaced the old INS. The files of documents here can be mundane, but the walls are framed with lovely older maps, population charts and demographic bar graphs.SMITH Apparently we had money back then to actually contain for these kind of color lithographs that would be printed each year.LUDDEN In 1965, the political elite on Capitol Hill may not have predicted a mint candy increase in immigration, but Marian Smith pulls out a little agency booklet from the 1966 that certainly did. It explains how each provision in the new law would lead to a rapid increase in applications, a big jump in workload and more and more so as word trickled out to those newly eligible to come. Smith says a lifetime of immigration backlogs had built up among Americas foreign-born minorities.SMITH And so, they will petition for their family members and they will petition for their family members. And whether were talking about immigrants from Asia, Latin America, Africa, all these portions of the world where there is a demand for immigration. After humanity War II and with the post colonial status of many of these places, the shifting populations, the ability sometimes for peopl e now to join their family in America, that by chance the only reason wasnt the inability to get a quota visa for the United States. Maybe they had trouble getting out before.LUDDEN There were other things no one could have predicted, how immigration from Europe dropped off because of lower own rates and higher standards of living. How Africa imploded and wars and famine there and elsewhere produced waves of refugees. And then the millions of illegal immigrants.But its the system of family-based immigration thats driven this countrys profound demographic transformation. oer time, in a process critics call chain migration, entire families have reestablished themselves in the U.S. Historian Otis Graham thinks the policy has been a terrific mistake.GRAHAM Family reunification puts the decision as to who comes to America in the workforce of foreigners. Those decisions are out of the hands of the Congress. They just set up a formula and its kinship. Frankly, it could be called nepoti sm.LUDDEN In fact, President Kennedys original proposal made skills-based migration the priority. But Graham says a broad lobby pushed for the greater violence on families. It included churches, ethnic groups whose members had family in the old country and the AFL-CIO. Graham says the union worried about competition from too many passing skilled newcomers.For Karen Narasaki of the Asian American Justice Center, the family focus makes sense.NARASAKI If you think about families and, you sock, if you think about the roles that, say, your parents play when you have children. And how they help you, you know, take care of the newborns and provide support for you or how your brothers and sisters in the Asian community, what often happens is brothers and sisters get together and they demoralise a home together. They pool their money and they buy a business together. And so it, you know, family is very important to not just the social, emotional wellbeing, but also the economic well bein g of these communities.(SOUNDBITE OF naturalization CEREMONY)LUDDEN At a recent naturalization ceremony, 32 immigrants gather for their torment in the ornate rotunda of Washingtons National Archives. Of them, three are from Western Europe. The rest of those gaining citizenship here are overwhelmingly from Africa, Latin American and Asia. At a basement reception, the new citizens pose for pictures holding tiny American flags and a gift bag that includes a refrigerator magnet of the U.S. Constitution and an ATT prepay calling card. One older woman is radiant in her sunlight best with a broad-brimmed hat.HANNAH INDOVISI Im from Nigeria. My name is Hannah Indovisi. And you know the meaning of Indovisi? It delegacy life is first.LUDDEN And Indovisi was sponsored by her U.S. citizen son, Samuel.SAMUEL INDOVISI Everybody in the world I dont know if you know this wants to come to the United States of America. All you need to do is go to the embassy, any embassy, and see long, long, lo ng lines of people who want to come here.LUDDEN In fact, Indovisi has a long line of relatives still in Nigeria whod love to come. Its the same with a brand new citizen munching cookies nearby.AMA BALI My name is Ama Bali and Im from Sudan. Yes, I have my parents. I have sisters. I have brothers. And Im going to apply for them to come here soon. I hope so.LUDDEN Are they excited for that? BALI Definitely, definitely. I hope they will be here soon.LUDDEN It may not be soon at all though. The immigration system set up specifically to reunite families is so overwhelmed with applicants, relatives who wait their turn must endure being divided for years. Thats tomorrows story. utilize by permission of National Public Radio. http//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5391395.