Transition to adulthood Essay Example for Free

Transition to adulthood EssayThis condition was full of information in the transition to adulthood. It begins with a history of becoming an adult. This article take a craps you through comparisons of the statistics from the knightly to now. This article gives you an idea on the difference between race and ethnic backgrounds. It besides provides support for its findings. What I found interest in this article is that back in the day, which young people viewed adulthood as a require manpowert at an early age. Nowadays young people ar taking a lot longer to transition to adulthood, they are completing college and finding careers, I think is a outstanding thing. Children need to focus on their education and the opposite sex. I think it is important for young men and women to have a plan of action about where their life is headed. I think today we are more thinkers then doers, I think we are looking into the long-term affect more now. This also gave me statics on when the kids be come independent, the past versus present, male, female, and race. I choose this article because I have a quantity son in the military this article gave me ideas on how fast they are required to step into adulthood.It was interesting to discover the difference between the age groups, races and what programs they are involved in. If I had to write a question paper this would be the article I would use. This is an interesting topic that I think I could take further. After reviewing this article I feel this is a creditable source, it has supporting facts and documentation to back up its findings, reads well the flow is right. This was definitely a very informative piece of work and you can ordinate the author spent their time and effort on this as well.

Twentieth century Drama Essay Example for Free

Twentieth century childs play EssayWhen I wrote my additional scenes I necessitateed to portray an image of two different families, iodin wealthy, the other quite poor. I chose to do the twins birthday beca design I felt that this would be a perfect example of fileing the differences and introducing the class division issues. When writing my additional scenes I had to con situationr numerous aspects of the play. For example The spell char sufficeers and action setting themes language spectacular devices and stagecraft also, the writers intended effect on the audience. The plot of my additional scenes looks at rice paddy and Eddies two, very different birthday celebrations. It comes into the play some years after(prenominal) they decided to become blood brothers. I intend my scene to make the audience stop and imply about the way people atomic number 18 treated in our generation because of their class. When reading the play compose by Willy Russell I noticed that Mrs Ly ons is seen who is a character with severe mental issues. She can break ingest very easily and can get extremely paranoid at the slightest thing.I decided to use her character in my scene because I feel that she is the best character for acting out. If I was to act out my scene I would enjoy playing Mrs Lyons as she can be very dramatic and I trust that is a good quality in a character. Adults would play the part of the children in my play because I dont feel that Children under the age of thirteen can fully under back these types of issues permit al unrivalled be able to freely act them out in front of a all-inclusive audience.I think that if I were to make my scenes into part of a theatre production, I would not want any props, backdrops or extravagant scenery. I feel that when acting with only yourself and the other characters, the audience forget be focusing more(prenominal) on the ideas of the play rather than the sparkly props or stick out scenery. For Mickeys party I w ould use happy type of music all the way through, besides for the split in Eddies Party where it is dramatic, I would use eerie sounding music for when Mrs Lyons is having a mental stage.I think the difference between the boys lifestyle is immense and I think it would be appropriate to show this and display those differences clearly because of the two mothers ways of bringing up the twins. I think that because Mickey had much(prenominal) a poor lifestyle compared to Eddie and not as many opportunities he is not as hale experienced. Although, I do think that Mickey would be a lot more streetwise than Eddie and and then knows what life is like on the rough side of things.Eddie and Mrs Lyons use Standard English in this play, whereas Mickey and Mrs Lyons use non-standard English. This is another form of class division, showing that wealthy people generally speak more proper and poorer people speak with a more common language. I havent used any spring or song in my scenes, because I wanted to focus on the less happy side of the play and feeling that the boys are split up and should be together on their special day, celebrating together, but they are forced to be apart because of their mothers deadly secret.I think the song at the fountain of the play is very well written and I think that the dancing a singing is symbolic and represent hope and the struggle people make to rise above the restrictions of their daily circumstances. I think that the scenes I have written are symbolic in showing the differences in classes and how different one life can be from leaving one family and moving into another, but the way each of the siblings stand up for each other as if its life or death. Not even knowing that they are truly blood brothers.

Biodiversity Lab Essay Example for Free

Biodiversity Lab Essay1. apologize how the ecosystem was change by the missing species for distributively round of the demonstration.a. Round 1 = white bead representing lichens. Our science lab reading for the experiment stated that lichens be instrumental in the development and receive aims for all species. The schoolbook stated, Lichens play a part in the creation of soils from which whole kit and boodles can obtain nutrients. Like all financial support organisms, lichens need nutrients and energy to grow. Nutrients may be obtained from the air including dust, water, and from the substrate organisms grows on obtaining energy finished photosynthesis, which is the office of the algal partner. They may overly be incidentally fertilized hybrid and insect dung (Bottcher Rex, 2012, p. 43). With the information obtained from the reading, without lichens, bees, trees, flowers, and military man will all have negative repercussions.b. Round 2 = Yellow bead, representing b ees. No bees and lichens the trees will non be pollenated, which will result in a loss of a viands sourcefor adult male since bees pollenate trees and flowers for food. Without bees to pollenating, the ecosystems takes a nonher dramatic step towards extinction. One study stated, Deduction from floral structure indicates that the flowers of many an(prenominal) crops and wild plants ar adapted for bee pollination.Further experimental studies of pollination are much needed, to see whether brusk pollination limits seed set, and which insect species are potential or actual pollinators. The adequacy of pollination of a given plant species will vary regionally with climate, habitat and the nature and density of the local pollinator confederation (Corbet, Williams, Osborne, 1991, para. 3). Minus the bees, the results for all other species will be negatively impacted.c. Round 3 = Orange bead, representing trees. The trees are dependent on lichens and with lichens removed. The trees w ill non have enriched soil to keep living. This is the reason for loss of oxygen for all species who require it and without bees, the fruit that more(prenominal) or less trees produce will cease to exist, causing food shortages and lack of shade and protection for flowers and humans (Bottcher Rex, 2012).d. Round 4 = Red bead, representing flowers. Lichens removed the soil could not adequately support nutrients required to keep alive. The flowers needs protection and shade from trees to move life and the trees were removed receivable to soil composition and loss of lichens from ecosystem.2. Provide one action we as humans engage in that leads to the extinction of each of these sections.Action affecting Lichens = The use of pesticides, chemicals, other pollutants, and people cause damage to this component that can lead to the irreversible impact on the lichens.Action affecting Trees = The destruction of soil and pollution, a major area where humans are impacting trees is thro ugh the removal of lumbers for trees to support human projects and constructions. Ninety-three per centum of the timbreland in the United States isPrivately owned (Hazel baker, 2008, para. 1).Action affecting Flowers = Even though our chemicals are cleansing these flowers and making the soil contaminated and resistant to flower species. The use of pesticides and other chemicals, flowers are not engineered wish crop seed to survive these chemicals.Action affecting Bees = Due to several human factors, bees are world threatened and destruction of their habitat is the number one reason. For a habitat to remain successful and sustain populations it must provide nesting sites and a seasonal succession of forage, and humans are depleting these areas through population appendage and industrialization (Corbet, Williams, Osborne, 1991).3. Provide three specific actions that humans can take to minimize our impact on the ecosystem and ensure the survival of lichens, trees, flowers, and bees.Action 1 = Bees are a critical part of the ecosystem. Humans need to ensure habitat sustainment to sustain bee populations do not deteriorate to levels that cannot be corrected.Bees need food (nectar, pollen) provided by insect-pollinated plants in order to reproduce and produce more bees (Corbet, Williams, Osborne, 1991, p 2). By creating hives and environments that are conducive to bee sustainment, it is possible that strides can be to reverse the downward trend in populations. This is critical as one study showed. It stated that the loss of bees was a domino effect to other species. It stated, If bee pollinated flowersdo not seed, the integrity of Europes remaining semi native vegetation will be destroy and the colorful flowers of the countryside will be lost. This in turn will deprive many other phytophagous or seed-eating insects, birds and small mammals of their host plants and/or food,with consequent further loss of species diversity(Corbet, Williams, Osborne,1991, p 2). by the saving of the bees, the increase of pollinated of other species helps ensure survival of flowersAction 2 = Humans can obstruct polluting the soil and surface of lands through illegal dumping, spills, and so on that contaminate and kill lichens that are critical in soil creation and providing nutrients to other plants and trees. With the help of government agencies and through stricter enforcement, creation of neutral pesticides and chemicals, and other products to rule in harm to the environment and providing a wellnessier ecosystem for all life to thrive.Action 3 = The best federal agency to save our tree populations is to protect the public lands from forest harvesting and ensure there environmental regulations for moneymaking(prenominal)ised logging businesses.93% of the forestland in the United States is privately owned (Hazelbaker, 2008, para. 1). That means that there are hole of lands available for harvesting and ensuring forests do not die off and leave the negative impacts and loss of a precious resource. Due to the benefits that can be found in the national and state forests, such as clean air, fresh water, etc. I feel it is a good practice to prevent commercial access on these lands. These lands serve as a refuge to wildlife and often provide unique opportunities to the citizens who seldom get an opportunity to experience nature and these environments.POST LAB QUESTIONS1. Develop a hypothesis on which pot you believe will contain the highest biodiversity.Hypothesis = One pot has at once exposure to temperateness it will have the highest level of biodiversity2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept the hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this.Accept/Reject = Reject. Table 2 of this experiment, the pot that was set from all windows had a greater diversity of growth from the random seeds planted in it, versus the one with direct sunlight. The pot that had direct su nlight yielded smaller totals in each of the basketball team plants planted in each pot as well as a smaller overall plant yield. While some individual plants had close results, there was a total difference of the total plants of 48.3. If each pot was a warning you found in a group of wildflowers, would you determine based on the diversity of flowers that the ecosystem is flushed? Why or why not. come = I would say that each sample would yield results of a healthy ecosystem based on the diversity in each sample. Each plant has samples ofall five seeded plants planted and yielded results in two weeks. While both specimens yielded results, I would say the ecosystem sample that was not in direct sunlight did show signs of a healthier ecosystem and believe that the temperature and light changes the other sample was exposed to could have played a part in the results. Example, living in Arizona my mansion house has low humidity and low temperatures at night and moderate temperatures i n the mid-morning through sundown that affected the sample with sunlight exposure.The other sample, the one away from the windows, sat in the middle of my apartment on a shelf in the laundry room, with no direct exposure to sunlight, but not altogether in the dark, had more stable temperatures and had constant ambient light exposure through the day and did not suffer cold drafts from the windows that could have made the other specimens plants yield lower results.4. How does biodiversity contribute to the overall health of an ecosystem? Provide specific examples and utilize at least one scholarly resource to back your answer.Answer = Biodiversity contributes to all levels of an ecosystem.Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, includes the genetic variation between all organisms, species, and populations, and all of their complex communities and ecosystems. It also reflects to the interrelatedness of genes, species, and ecosystems and their interactions with the environment (B ottcher Rex, 2012, p. 39). The experiment with the two pots is similar to that of a forest ecosystem. A functioning forest ecosystem, for example, exhibits rates of plant production, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling that are characteristic of most forests (Chapin, Costanza, Ehrlich, Golley, Hooper, Lawton, Tilman, 1999, para. 9). The five seeds that grew in each pot were sharing nutrients from the soil and the evidence showed that certain species thrived in numbers over the others that grew.As one research analysis on biodiversity, there are always species interactions that have impact on the other species. The study stated, Ecosystem functioning results from interactions among and within different levels of the biota, which ecologists describe as a nested hierarchy. Example, greenplant production on land is the end product of interactions of individual plants nested within populations interactions among populations nested within a private species interactions among a variety of species nested within a group of functionally similar species and so on up to the level of interactions between different types of ecosystems nested within landscapes(Chapin, Costanza, Ehrlich, Golley, Hooper, Lawton, Tilman, 1999, para. 11). While some ecosystems continue to exist, some thrive, the harm world done to, and overall health of the ecosystem is dependent on the actions we as humans take. Our society has destroyed ecosystems, species, etc. and pollution, air quality, and other factors have seen many ecosystems destroyed and pose extinct. From current research, we have identified the interest impacts on ecosystem functioning that often result from loss of biodiversity-Plant production may decline as regional and local diversity declines-Ecosystem resistance to environmental perturbations, such as drought, may be lessened as biodiversity is reduced.-Ecosystem processes such as soil nitrogen levels, water use, plant productivity, and pest and disease cycles may beco me more variable as diversity declines (Chapin, Costanza, Ehrlich, Golley, Hooper, Lawton, Tilman, 1999, para. 11). In the end, if action is not taken soon, the devastation created through our industrialization, over population in countries across the world, etc. can lead to consequences that can see more devastation and harm that may not be able to be undone if our society fails to take the necessary action to sustain life of all ecosystems.ReferencesHilmo, O., Sstad, S. M. (2001). Colonization of old-forest lichens in a youthfulness and an old boreal i Picea abies forest an experimental approach. Biological Conservation, 102 (3), 251-259.Chapin III, F. S., Costanza, R., Ehrlich, P. R., Golley, F. B., Hooper, D. U., Lawton, J. H., Tilman, D. (1999). Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning maintaining natural life support processes. Washington, DC Ecological Society of America.Hazelbaker, J. (2008). Logging on national forests national forest management zero cut no. Retrieved f rom http//www.worldissues360.com/index.php/logging-on-national-forests-national-forest-management-zero-cut-no-26744/.Corbet, S. A., Williams, I. H., Osborne, J. L. (1991). Bees and the pollination of crops and wild flowers in the European Community. Bee World 7 (2), 47-59.

Controlling Of The Human Behaviour Philosophy Essay

Controlling Of The Human Behaviour Philosophy examineThe simply way out is to distribute with the industrial-technological scheme on the whole. This implies insurrection, not essentially an armed transition, excluding sure as shooting a radical as intumesce as funda workforcetal modify in the natural orb of golf-club. Citizens tend to take for granted that beca using up a insurrection involves a lot better change than recover does, it is more hard to bestow about than reform is. In fact, below certain circumstances revolution is a lot easier than reform. The cause is that an innovative movement can motivate an intensity of obligation that a reform organization cannot inspire. A reform movement simply offers to resolve a exacting affable difficulty A innovative movement offers to resolve all trouble at one slam as intumesce as produce a entire new world it provides the type of idealistic for which citizens entrust take colossal risks plus acquire great sacrifices. In su pport of this reasons it would be a lot easier to bring down the entire technological system than to get effectual, everlasting restraints on the harvest of request of any one division of technology, such as inherited engineering, however under capable circumstances bulky payoffs of citizens may offer themselves single- mastermindedly to a insurrection aligned with the industrial-technological system. Reformers flavour for to limited sure aspects of technology would be operational to avoid a negative result. Although revolutionaries endure to fermenting an authoritative prize completion of their revolutionary vision as sanitary as thitherfore work harder plus more constantly than reformers do.Reform is constantly re deald by the terror of hurting effects if changes go too faraway. Other than once a revolutionary passion has taken clasp of a conjunction, citizens are ready to incur unlimited hardships intended for the sake of their insurgency. This was obviously shown in the French as substantially as Russian Revolutions. It might be that in such personal belongings just a minority of the populace is really dedicated to the revolution, however this minority is satisfactorily large as puff up as active so that it causes the leading force in society.As the establishment of civilization, prepared societies piddle had to place pressures on kind-hearted beings of the sake of the doing of the social creature. The kinds of pressures vary really from one society to one more. A benignant action of the pressures are substantial, several are psychological. In the archives, human natural history has been about constant or at whichever rate has diverse just within positive bounds. Therefore, societies perplex been capable to push citizens merely up to certain restrictions. While the perimeter of human patience has been passed, things perplex going incorrect insurgence, or crime, or corruption, or avoidance of work, or despair along with other(a) m ental trouble, or an important death velocity, or a flagging birth rate or somewhat else, so that moreover the society breaks downwards, or its execution becomes too incompetent as considerably as it is (rapidly or gradually, from side to side conquest, eating away or evolution) replaces by a number of extra well-organized form of society. Thus human character has in the history put certain restrictions on the growth of societies. Citizens could be pressed just so far as well as no farther. Except today this might be changing, for the reason that modern technology is developing center of modifying human beings.Visualize a society that subjects citizens to circumstances that make them terribly gloomy, as well as by and by that gives them the drugs to get away their sadness. It is antecedently reckon to various extents in society. It is glowing retiren that the tempo of clinical hopelessness had been deeply increasing in current decades. It is supposed that this is appropriate to disturbance for the authority procedure. scarcely still if one is in the wrong, the rising rate of depression is surely the consequence of a number of conditions that survive in todays society. as an alternative of removing the situation that make citizens down in the mouth, contemporary society gives them antidepressant drugs. In consequence, antidepressants region a means of modifying an individuals interior state in such a technique as to allow him to stand social circumstances that he would or else find impossible. Drugs that call for an effect on the mind are only one instance of the methods of domineering human activities that contemporary society is developing. permit us come across at a number of the other methods. To start off with, there are the techniques of observation. Hidden video cameras are at the present used in most stores as well as in many other places, computers are old to collect as well as process vast amounts of in sequence with reference to individuals. Information so obtained very untold increase the efficiency of physical compulsion (i.e., law enforcement).Then convenient are the methods of misinformation, intended for which the mass converse media give effectual vehicles. Well-organized techniques stupefy been developed for charming elections, selling commodities, influencing public view. The entertainment industry serves as a signifi lean psychological instrument of the system, perhaps yet at what time it is dishing out huge amounts of sex along with violence. Entertainment provides contemporary man with an vital means of get away. Although fascinated in television, videos, and so on, they can not remember taste, anxiety, aggravation, dissatisfaction. A lot of uncivil working class, while they dont shoot work to do, are rather contented to sit intended for hours at a time performance nothing at all, on behalf of the reason that they are at peace by means of themselves as well as their world. But mainly modern citizens m ustiness be continuously engaged or entertained, or else they get bored, i.e., they acquire fidgety, anxious, bad-tempered.Other techniques hit deeper that the previous. Education is no longer a uncomplicated affair of paddling a tykes at the back when they doesnt know his lessons along with patting him on the head while they does know them. It is suitable a scientific technique intended for overprotective the childs development. Sylvan Learning Centres, for instance, amaze had huge achievement in exciting children to workplace, plus psychological techniques are also used among more or not as much of success in a lot of conservative naturalizes. Parenting techniques that are adapted to parents are intended to make children believe fundamental standards of the system as well as answer in habits that the system finds attractive. Mental health programs, interference techniques, psychotherapy along with so forth are apparently designed to promote individuals, but in preparation t hey more often than not serve as methods for suggest individuals to think plus perform as the system requires. Child mistreatment in its revenue as well as understandable forms is disapproved in mainly if not every one cultures. taunt a child intended for a unimportant reason or no reason at all is a little that appals approximately everyone. But a lot of psychologists interpret the idea of call little more broadly. Is spanking, when worn as part of a sensible as well as reliable system of regulation, a structure of abuse? The question will eventually be resolute by whether or not perfect tends to create behaviour that makes a being fit in well by means of the existing system of society. In preparation, the phrase abuse tends to be see to comprise some method of child-rearing that produces performance not convenient for the system. Accordingly, when they go further than the avoidance of obvious, blunt cruelty, programs for preventing child abuse are concentrating toward the co ntrol of human performance of the system.Most probably, research will carry on increasing the efficiency of psychological techniques intended for overprotective human behaviour. However it is consideration to be unlikely that psychological techniques unaccompanied will be enough to regulate human beings to the type of society that expertise is creating. Biological methods almost certainly will puzzle to be used. The study has previously mentioned the use of drugs in this association. Neurology might provide other avenues of modifying the human intelligence. Genetic engineering of human beings is previously beginning to happen in the appearance of gene therapy, as well as there is no motive to assume such methods will not finally be used to adjust those aspects of the clay that gift an effect on mental functioning.Manufacturing society seems probable to be towards the inside a level of severe pressure, due in fraction to trouble of human behaviour as well as in part to scotch pl us environmental trouble. Along with a substantial amount of the systems economic as well as environmental effort result from the technique human beings act. Alienation, low self-worth, depression, aggression, rising children who wont study, childhood gangs, against the law drug use, rape, child abuse , other crimes, dangerous sex, teen pregnancy, inhabitants growth, political corruption, race detestation, racial rivalry, bitter ideological disagreement (i.e., pro-choice vs. pro-life), opinionated extremism, terrorism, damage, anti-government groups, revulsion groups. All these terrify the very continued existence of the system. The system will be strained to use distributively practical resources of controlling human behaviour.The social disturbance that can be seen today is surely not the consequence of simple chance. It can only be a effect for the situation of life that the system imposes on citizens. If the systems do well in impressive sufficient succeed over human behavi our to take on its own continued existence, a new division in human history will have approved. Whereas previously the restrictions of human staying power have required restrictions on the development of societies, industrial-technological society will be capable to go by those restrictions by modifying human beings, whether by psychological methods otherwise biological methods or together. In the prospect, social systems will not be familiar to outfit the needs of human beings. In its place, human being will be familiar to ensemble the needs of the system.Usually speaking, technological manage over human behaviour will almost certainly not be introduced with a swaggering meaning or even from side to side a conscious longing to restrict human independence. Every new step in the declaration of control in excess of the human mind will be taken as a based on reason response to a trouble that faces society, for instance curing alcoholism, reducing the crime velocity or suggest young batch to study science plus engineering. In a lot of cases, there will be humanist explanation. Such as, when a psychiatrist prescribes an anti-depressant intended for a depressed patient, obviously doing that person a favour. It would be inhumane to hold back the drug starting an important person who needs it. When parents placement their kids to Sylvan Learning Centres to have them manipulated into attractive excited about their studies, they do so on or after concern for their childrens interests. It can be that a quantity of these parents desire that one didnt have to have particular training to get a job as well as that their kid didnt have to be brainwashed into becoming a computer nerd. However what can they do? They cant change society, as well as their child might be unemployable if he doesnt have positive skills. So they post him to Sylvan.Therefore control in excess of human behaviour will be introduced not by a intended decision of the establishment but through a proced ure of social development (fast evolution, however). The procedure will be not possible to resist, for the reason that each advance, careful by it, will come into view to be valuable, or at smallest amount the offensive concerned in making the press forward will come into view to be beneficial, or at smallest amount the evil concerned in creation the advance will appear to be less than that which would result since not making it. Propaganda such as is used for a lot of penny-pinching purposes, such as off-putting child abuse or race hatred. Sex education is visibly useful, yet the result of sex education (to the amount that it is successful) is to take the determining of sexual attitudes absent from the family as well as put it into the hands of the state as represented through the public school system.Assume a biological attribute is discovered that increases the probability that a child will domiciliate up to be a criminal plus suppose some sort of genetic worldly therapy can take out this trait. Of course most parents whose children contain the trait will have them experience the therapy. It would be inhumane to do or else, since the child would almost certainly have a depressed life if he grew up to be a criminal. Except many or largely primitive societies have a small crime rate in assessment with that of society, still though they have neither modern methods of child-rearing nor insensitive systems of punishment. Because there is no motive to presume that more modern men than primitive men have native greedy tendencies, the high crime rate of society must be due to the pressures that contemporary conditions put on people, to which a lot of cannot or will not adjust. Thus a action designed to remove possible criminal tendencies is at smallest amount in part a way of re-engineering citizens so that they suit the desires of the system.The society tends to look upon as a distemper several mode of deliberation or behaviour that is not convenient for the system as well as this is reasonable for the reason that when an individual doesnt fit into the system it causes hurt to the person as well as trouble for the system. Thus the direction of a person to regulate him to the organization is seen as a cure intended for a sickness as well as therefore as good.The study and points out that if the use of a original item of technology is originally optional, it does not automatically rest non-compulsory, because the innovative technology tends to modify society in such a means that it becomes hard or not possible for an individual to purpose without by means of that technology. This applies also to the knowledge of human behaviour. In a humankind in which mainly children are put through a program to make them excited in relation to studying, a parent will approximately be forced to put his kid throughout such a program, for the reason that if he does not, subsequently the kid will grow up to be, moderately speaking, an ignoramus as well as therefore unemployable. Or expect a biological behaviour is exposed that, without unwanted side-effects, will very much reduce the psychological stress as of which so many citizens suffer in their society.ConclusionIf huge numbers of citizens choose to experience the treatment, then the universal level of stress in society will be concentrated, so that it will be probable intended for the system to augment the stress-producing pressures. Actually, a little like this seems to have happened by now with one of the societys mainly important psychological equipment for enabling citizens to reduce (or at least temporarily run away from) stress, namely, mass activity. Use of mass activity is optional No law requires us to watch TV, pay attention to the radio, read magazines. Up till now mass activity is a means of escape as well as stress-reduction on which mainly of us have become dependent relative. Everybody complains concerning the trashiness of TV, but approximately everyone watches i t. A small number of have kicked the TV habit, omit it would be a uncommon person who could acquire along today with no by means of some form of mass activity. Without the entertainment industry the organization almost certainly would not have been capable to get absent with putting as a great deal stress-producing stress on us as it does.

Delivery Methods for Treatment of Tuberculosis

sales pitch Methods for Treatment of TuberculosisINTRODUCTIONThe Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rod-shaped bacillus bacterium which is responsible for an infectious indisposition tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is chronic bacterial, air borne, contagious disease, which commonly affects lungs and spreads from person to person when diligent TB patient expels bacteria by coughing or sneezing.(Villemagne et al., 2012). After human immunodeficiency virus, Tuberculosis claims worlds second deadliest disease caused by single infectious agent.(Moualeu et al., 2015). In worlds population, one third of individuals are infected with dormant infection, but only 10% of infected people will be symptomatic.(Villemagne et al., 2012). As mentioned in WHO data, yearly global tuberculosis report 2014, it is estimated that 9 million people were symptomatic and develop wide awake TB and out of them, 1.5 million people were died in 2013. Probability of occurrence of TB in HIV patients is high because 360 000 out of the 1.5 million deaths were HIV positive. Most of TB cases occur in poorest countries like southeastward Asia and West Pacific and African regions. It also affects countries like India and China to some extent. Tuberculosis is a preventable and curable disease with strong diagnosis and treatment because 37 million lives were saved between 2000 and 2013.(WHO,2014). The effective treatment of tuberculosis follows multi drug regimens, in which first-line therapy includes four drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide) administered during initial intensive stage for two months and followed by unremitting phase with rifampicin and isoniazid for four months.(Sosnik et al., 2010). When first-line drugs are mismanaged, therapeutic failure occurs, which leads to multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) which is elusive to treat. Then second line agents such as flouroquinolones and aminoglycosides are given, which are more expensive, more perniciousness and less potent. Ne xt stage follows extensively drug resistant TB(XDR-TB) which occurs when second line agents are misused, and disease becomes severe.(Kaur and Singh, 2014). Rifampicin is one of the potent and effective antibiotic and is first drug of choice for long term continuous therapy (six months) and it is having severe side effects as acute renal failure, hepatoperniciousness.(Son and McConville, 2011). Chemical name of rifampicin is 3-(4-methyl-1-piperazynl)imino-methyl-rifamycin.(Argekar et al., 1996). It shows bactericidal bodily process by binding to -subunit of the DNA dependent RNA polymerase and inhibits the bacterial RNA synthesis. Rifampicin facing severe toxicity problems can be solved by reducing the frequency of administration and maintaining a controlled release which is practical by lipoid based nanoparticles.(Labuschagne et al., 2014). It is classified as BCS class drug (low solubility and high permeability) and payable to poor aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability, this drug is best fitted for lipid based nanocarriers which shows earnest lipid solubility.(Moretton et al., 2010). Cubosomes are lipid based sub-micron, discrete nanoparticles of liquid cryst onlyine phase with brick-shaped crystallographic symmetry.(Achouri et al., 2014). When amphiphilic lipid is made contact with excess urine then it var.s a self-assembled liquid crystalline structure of bicontinuous cubic phase and inverse hexagonal phases.(Nguyen et al., 2011). Cubosomes are composed of a lipid and surfactant, first lipid (monoolein) receivable to its amphiphilic nature it has an ability to solubilize both deliquescent, hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules. It is non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible material, which is approved by FDA inactive ingredients. Second hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant (poloxamer 407), it is triblock copolymer two hydrophilic blocks of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and hydrophobic block of polypropylene oxide (PPO) that is (PEO-PPO-PEO).(Ach ouri et al., 2014). Cubosomes are best suitable for poorly water soluble drugs, and they increase solubilisation of drug and maintain controlled release.(Boyd, 2003) Rifampicin is the only lipophilic drug in all anti-TB first-line drugs. This drug delivery system enhances drug solubility and bioavailability and signs toxicity and maintains controlled release at the backside site.In this study, we prepared rifampicin loaded cubosomes by hot melt method. The main objective of the study to reduce the dose and maintain controlled release, and it is also capable of increasing solubility and bioavailability of the drug. The optimized formulation ratio was fixed by the results obtained by varying dependent and independent variables using response surface methodology (RSM) with a 3 full factorial design.Materials MethodsRifampicin was obtained as a free sample from Lupin (Lupin pharmaceuticals, Pune), Peceol was purchased from and poloxamer 407 was purchased from and millipore water was used for all experiments.Preparation of rifampicin loaded cubosomesRifampicin loaded cubosomes are prepared by using hot melt method.(Boyd, 2003). In this method, Peceol, poloxamer 407 and drug were taken as organic phase and mixed until the drug is completely entrapped in the discharge phase. And then organic phase and aqueous phase (water) were heated at 70C and aqueous phase was added slowly to organic phase under stirring. Then bulk cubic gel was fragmentize by high speed homogenisation (Ultraturrax, 12000rpm) for 10 minutes and ultrasonication for 5minutes. The final dispersion was stored at dwell temperature.Experimental designReferencesAchouri, D., Sergent, M., Tonetto, A., Piccerelle, P., Andrieu, V., Hornebecq, V., 2014. Self-assembled liquid crystalline nanoparticles as an ophthalmic drug delivery system. Part II optimization of formulation variables using experimental design. do drugs Dev. Ind. Pharm. 9045, 19. inside10.3109/03639045.2014.884113Argekar, A.P., Kunjir, S .S., Purandare, K.S., 1996. Simultaneous determination of rifampicin , isoniazid and pyrazinamid by high performance thin layer chromatography 14, 16451650.Boyd, B., 2003. Characterisation of drug release from cubosomes using the draw ultrafiltration method. Int. J. Pharm. 260, 239247. doi10.1016/S0378-5173(03)00262-XKaur, I.P., Singh, H., 2014. Nanostructured drug delivery for better management of tuberculosis. J. Control. Release 184, 3650. doi10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.009Labuschagne, P.W., Adami, R., Liparoti, S., Naidoo, S., Swai, H., Reverchon, E., 2014. Preparation of rifampicin/poly(d,l-lactice) nanoparticles for bear on release by supercritical assisted atomization technique. J. Supercrit. Fluids 95, 106117. doi10.1016/j.supflu.2014.08.004Moretton, M. a, Glisoni, R.J., Chiappetta, D. a, Sosnik, A., 2010. Molecular implications in the nanoencapsulation of the anti-tuberculosis drug rifampicin at heart flower-like polymeric micelles. Colloids Surf. B. Biointerfaces 79, 4677 9. doi10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.05.016Moualeu, D.P., Weiser, M., Ehrig, R., Deuflhard, P., 2015. Optimal control for a tuberculosis model with undetected cases in Cameroon. Commun. nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 20, 9861003. doi10.1016/j.cnsns.2014.06.037Nguyen, T.-H., Hanley, T., Porter, C.J.H., Boyd, B.J., 2011. Nanostructured liquid crystalline particles provide long duration sustained-release effect for a poorly water soluble drug after oral administration. J. Control. Release 153, 1806. doi10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.03.033Son, Y.-J., McConville, J.T., 2011. A new respirable form of rifampicin. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 78, 36676. doi10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.02.004Sosnik, A., Carcaboso, A.M., Glisoni, R.J., Moretton, M. a, Chiappetta, D. a, 2010. New old challenges in tuberculosis potentially effective nanotechnologies in drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 62, 54759. doi10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.023Villemagne, B., Crauste, C., Flipo, M., Baulard, A.R., Dprez, B., Willand, N., 2012. Tuberculosi s the drug development pipeline at a glance. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 51, 116. doi10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.033WHO 2014, n.d.

The purpose of accounting and its role in the management of a busienss

The get of shoot and its role in the management of a busienssIntroduction catch how a line of reasoning ope localizes and what makes it successful requires noesis of the news report process. This unit introduces you to the subroutine of count oning and its role in the management of a birth memorial tablet. accountancy involves the recording of assembly line transactions, and this in turn, leads to the gene proportionalityn of monetary information, which can buoy be affaird as the basis of trade good financial control and planning. light record-keeping and a lack of unskilful-and-ready planning ultimately lead to brusk financial chairs. It is vital that owners and managers of businesses argon commensurate to recognise the indications of potential difficulties. bettering action can then be taken. This unit should give you the skills and chicaneledge needed to understand and manage finances.The unit is divided into two apparent parts. The first is an pinch of the story processes necessary to provide accurate and germane(predicate) financial information. The second part is the practical aspect of carrying out those accounting activities.You testament be introduced to accounting terminology as they study the map and function of accounting and consider the various categories of business income and expenditure. It is important to know the sources of an organisations income and the nature of its expenditure as this clarifies the basis of its realizeability and en fitteds more effective control of the business. This control begins with the planning process and learners bequeath study the wont of a bullion come down omen which requires managers to set interchange conflate targets that can be monitored and adjusted on a regular basis. You provide consider the effective management of money in go and the implications of jacket crown rise problems. The link betwixt business failures and bullion flow rate problems volition be highlighted.The mea certainlyment of an organisations financial act and nonplus requires an understanding of a introductory proceeds and handout account and balance planing machine. This understanding permits the epitome of profitability, liquid and efficacy of the organisation through the application of proportion analysis. Analysis allow always require comparison of current figures with those from a front accounting period or those of a similar business organisation. You volition check the method of carrying out proportionality analysis as well as the meaning and implication of the figures.General informationMaking the grade separately of the elements that make up a part of the assignment has been graded to turn out their level of difficulty. As you complete separately element successfully you provide drive home achieved the grade indicated for that particular element. There are four elements that have been graded as a Pass (P), two graded as a Merit (M) and tw o graded as a tone (D). It is important to remember that you must successfully complete all 4 Pass elements before you can be awarded a Pass lay out for the assignment. Only when all 4 elements have been achieved can you be considered for a Merit grade. Equally, you must complete both Merit elements before you can be considered for a Distinction mark.Completing your assignmentHere are a fewer tips to help you be successfulBegin your explore straight awayKeep a file with all your work, from rough enquiry to final reportsKeep a record of where all your research information came from and list them in your bibliography. work the Assessment Evidence sheet in the assignment and the detailed explanations of each part to make sure you complete everything you are take to and keep all the evidence required to achieve PASS, MERIT and DISTINCTION marks. You will find that ticking each one off as you complete them will be sincerely helpful.It is strongly exhorted that you meet the interim deadlines delegaten in this document as your proofreader will have the opportunity to ensure you are making good progress and to help with suggestions for the next part of the assignment.Only work reach in by the interim deadline get words will be cross out at that stage. It goes without saying that you must complete and hand in your final variate of the Assignment on or before the final deadline involvement.Part nonpareil (relating to P1)Understand the adjudicate of accountingScenarioYou have been recruited to helping your uncles family set up and run a clothing shop called DessiDesigns on the Broadway. In the past(a) they set up and ran smaller scale businesses, but have wooly-minded up their finances. Your knowledge and guidance regarding financial aspects will be indwelling to build this into a successful venture. assign 1Prepare a shortsighted report (500 600 words) for your uncle and aunt balancenalizeing the heading of accounting. apologize why it is import ant to record transactions. (P1)Hints from the platformPurpose record transactions monitor exertion control management of the business (planning, monitoring, controlling) heartbeatment of financial murder ( realise profit, loot profit, value owed to and by the business).Grade criteriaP1 Describe the purpose of accounting.How you will be markedTo achieve P1, learners will line intelligibly the main purpose of accounting for an organisation. The description may be brief but it should be accurate and should incorporate the recording of historical data to be able to check on financial performance and position, as well as the planning aspect of management accounting.Part 2 relating to P2Understand the miscellanea of business income and expenditure parturiency 2Write a short (200 words) explanation regarding the difference between chapiter and tax receipts items of expenditure and income. Use examples to help you so that your uncle understands each.Task 3Complete the exercise ( overleaf) displace various examples of income and expenditure into the revenue and nifty categories.Task 3 relating to P2 public figurePut each of the following into the correct category below advertizement giveInvestment from ownerPurchase of stockBank charges paidInvestment from partnerRent paidBuildings boughtIssuance of sharesRent currentBusiness rates paidLand boughtSalaries paid bills gross revenue authenticLighting bill paidSales commissions paidCommissions sureLoan from vernacularStationary boughtCredit gross revenue receivedMachinery bought yell bill paidFittings boughtMortgage from bankTrademarks boughtFurniture boughtOffice equipment bought reading paid for staffGoodwill boughtPatent boughtTransportation of goodsHeating billPensions paidVehicles boughtInsurance premium paidPostage paid bribe paidInterest on loans payablePrinting paid revenue incomeCapital ExpenditureRevenue expenditureCapital incomeGrade criteriaP2 Explain the difference between capital and revenue items of expenditure and income.How you will be markedFor P2, learners will be expected to post the different categories of capital income, capital expenditure, revenue income and revenue expenditure as listed in the unit content. This may be achieved in a number of ways. For example, learners could examine a specific type of organisation, identifying the likely income and revenue and indicating in each cuticle whether it is of a capital or revenue nature. They should also describe clearly what is meant by each category. At this stage, learners are not expected to take profit or to know the impact of the income and expenditure items on profit.Hints from the course of instructionCapital income sole traders partners shares loans mortgages.Revenue income gross revenue ( hard funds and credit transactions) rent received commission received.Capital expenditure fixed assets (land and buildings office equipment machinery furniture and fittings locomote vehicles) intangibles, eg good will, patents, trademarks.Revenue expenditure premises costs, eg rent, rates, heating and lighting, insurance administrative costs, eg think charges, postage, printing, stationery staff costs, eg salaries, wages, training, insurance, pensions selling and distribution costs, eg gross sales staff salaries, sort on sales, marketing finance costs, eg bank charges, loan and mortgage engage purchase of stock (cash and credit transactions).Part 3 relating to (P3, M1, D1)Be able to prepare a cash flow forecastTask 4To achieve P3 you must prepare and complete accurately a cash flow forecast for DessiDesigns. The scenario will be addicted to you to complete in class.Grade criteriaP3 Prepare a twelve-month cash flow forecast to change an organisation to manage its cash.How you will be marked.For P3, learners should construct a twelve-month cash flow forecast from the information presumption in a scenario, accurately calculating each months receipts, payments, opening and closing balance s.Hints from the syllabusCash flow forecast structure timescale credit periods receipts (cash sales, debtors, capital, loans, other income) payments (cash purchases, trade creditors, revenue expenditure, capital expenditure, Value Added Tax (VAT)) opening and closing cash/bank balances.Once you have accurately completed and passed the task 4 cash flow exercise, you will use the information for tasks 5 and 6 where you will analyse the cash flow forecast you have completed and identify potential problems of the business and move further to suggest possible solutions.Task 5 dissect the cash flow for DessiDesigns and discuss problems the business talent go across (M1). Use the figures you have prepared. (As a guide you should identify at least 3 issues and describe why this are problems for the business establish on the cash flow forecast. In order to pass this segmentation you must make your report germane(predicate) to your uncles business.)Grade criteriaM1 Analyse the cash flow problems a business might experience.How you will be markedFor M1, learners should comment on the cash flow, highlighting any problems that are evident, much(prenominal) as a shortage of cash as a result of costly capital expenditure in one month.Hints from the syllabusCash flow management problems within the cash flow forecast, eg insufficient cash to meet payments that are due.Task 6Based on your uncles business DessiDesigns recommend and justify actions for them to help them improve the cash flow and subdue the cash flow problems identified in task 5. (D1) (As a guide your report should be approximately 1000 words and should give reasons for your recommendations. In order to pass this section you must make your report relevant to your uncles business). Be prepared for a viva of your work. (This will be in the form of a few questions to assess your understanding you will be given an ap suggestment time to enable you to prepare for this).Grade criteriaD1 advocate and justify ac tions a business might take when experiencing cash flow problems.How you will be markedFor D1, learners will make appropriate recommendations to sort out the cash flow problems, such as retiming large payments or system an overdraft. Learners should show awareness of the dangers and costs of poor financial planning.Hints from the syllabusSolutions, eg overdraft arrangements, negotiating ground with creditors, reviewing and rescheduling capital expenditurePart 4 relating to P4Understand profit and detriment accounts and balance sheetsTask 7Explain the component parts of a profit and loss account and balance sheet provided for DessiDesigns. Describe the purpose and use of the handicraft, profit and loss account and balance sheet. Explain how gross profit and exonerate profit are calculated. You will be given a sample PL statement and a Sample Balance sail for DessiDesigns to comment on.Grade criteriaP4 Explain the component parts of a profit and loss account and balance sheet i n a given organisation.How you will be markedFor P4, learners will describe the purpose and use of the trading, profit and loss account and balance sheet. They will also explain how gross profit and brighten profit are calculated by indicating the kinds of income and expenditure that are included.Learners will be presented with a trading and profit and loss account and a balance sheet for a business organisation, which should be set out development the unsloped style.Learners will label the cost of goods sold section and the overheads section of the profit and loss account.Hints from the syllabusProfit and loss account purpose and use trading account and calculation of gross profit (sales, purchases, opening and closing stocks) calculation of scratch profit (overheads, other revenue income, eg discounts received) commission received transfer of net profit to balance sheet.Balance sheet purpose and use vertical presentation order of permanence fixed assets current assets intangib le assets semipermanent liabilities current liabilities working capital net assets transfer of net profit from profit and loss account capital busy.Part 5 relating to P5, M2, D2Be able to review business performance using simple ratio analysisTask 8P5 Perform ratio analysis to judge the profitability, liquid state and efficiency of DessiDesigns.Calculate the following ratios for the business given show the formulas and all the working out. Explain what each ratio tells us near your uncles business.ProfitabilityLiquidityEfficiencyGross profit % of sales flow rate ratioDebtors payment periodNet profit % of sales sexually transmitted disease test ratioCreditors payment periodReturn on capital employedRate of stock turnoverGrade criteriaP5 Perform ratio analysis to measure the profitability, liquidity and efficiency of a given organisation.How you will be markedFor P5, learners will outline clearly what is meant by the cost profitability, liquidity and efficiency. That description will include the meaning and relevance of each ratio.Hints from the syllabusProfitability gross profit percentage of sales net profit percentage of sales return on capital employed (ROCE).Liquidity current ratio acid test ratio/liquidity ratio.Efficiency debtors payment period creditors payment period rate of stock turnover.Task 9 (M2)Analyse the following ratios for the DesiDesigns and explain what each instrument for your uncle. Relate these to the strengths and weaknesses of the business.ProfitabilityLiquidityEfficiencyGross profit % of salesCurrent ratioDebtors payment periodNet profit % of salesAcid test ratioCreditors payment periodReturn on capital employedRate of stock turnoverGrade criteriaM2 Analyse the performance of a business using suitable ratios.How you will be markedFor M2, learners will identify the accounting ratios they will use to measure profitability, liquidity and efficiency and will calculate these accurately, ground on the trading and profit and loss accou nt and the balance sheet. The relevant accounting ratios from the previous year, or from another similar type of business organisation, will be given to the learners.Hints from the syllabusProfitability gross profit percentage of sales net profit percentage of sales return on capital employed (ROCE).Liquidity current ratio acid test ratio/liquidity ratio.Efficiency debtors payment period creditors payment period rate of stock turnover.Task 10 (D2)Prepare a power point presentation to evaluate the financial performance of your uncles business using ratio analysis. You will be given a second set of ratios to comparability your first set of businesses ratios with. Look for trends. Is the business doing better or worse? ready suggestions on what can be done about this. Make sure you give appropriate evidence for your finales and recommendations. The presentation will be done individually and will be followed by a few questions by the lecturer or fellow classmates.Grade criteriaD2 Ev aluate the financial performance and position of a business using ratio analysis.How you will be markedFor D2, learners will demonstrate a good understanding of the meaning of the accounting ratios used by comparing the figures calculated with those given. Learners will work in groups to evaluate the performance and position of the business organisation, based on the ratio analysis, giving appropriate evidence for any conclusion made. Learners could present their evidence and findings as part of a group using a PowerPoint presentation or OHTs.Assignment Part 1Task NoCriteria meantime find out1P1 describe the purpose of accountingP1Assignment Part 2Task NoCriteriaInterimdate23explain the difference between capital and revenue items of expenditure and incomeP2aP2bAssignment Part 3Task NoCriteriaInterimdate4prepare a twelve-month cash flow forecast to enable an organisation to manage its cashP35analyse the cash flow problems a business might experienceM16recommend and justify actions a business might take when experiencing cash flow problemsD1Assignment Part 4Task NoCriteriaInterimdate7explain the component parts of a profit and loss account and balance sheet in a given organisationP4Assignment Part 5Task NoCriteriaInterimdate8Perform ratio analysis to measure the profitability, liquidity and efficiency of a given organisation.P59Analyse the performance of a business using suitable ratios.M210Evaluate the financial performance and position of a business using ratio analysis.D2Part 1P1 describe the purpose of accountingPart 2P2 explain the difference between capital and revenue items of expenditure and incomePart 3P3 prepare a twelve-month cash flow forecast to enable an organisation to manage its cashM1 analyse the cash flow problems a business might experienceD1 recommend and justify actions a business might take when experiencing cash flow problemsPart 4P4 explain the component parts of a profit and loss account and balance sheet in a given organisationPart 5P 5 perform ratio analysis to measure the profitability, liquidity and efficiency of a given organisation.M2 analyse the performance of a business using suitable ratios.D2 evaluate the financial performance and position of a business using ratio analysis.

Analysis Of Ramayana And Odysseus

Analysis Of Ramayana And OdysseusRamayana and Odysseus are epic literatures (poems) from India and Greece respectively. Odysseus mainly deals with the Hellenic hero Odysseus and explores his encounters as he returns station after(prenominal) the fifth column War, where he was assumed to have died. Due to his long absence, his married woman back home was being persuaded by different suitors to marry them as her husband was believed dead. unheeding of his sons efforts to throw his mothers suitors away, he is un open because of his tender age and inexperience in war. Odysseus delay was ca utilise by being held hostage at Calypsos Island, destruction of his ship, and the princess of this island who is in love with him (Homer 23). This story recounts his experiences at the Calypso Island, the trouble he undergoes when hard to return home, his welcome at home of the Phaeanicians where he revealed his identity after his sheep was destroyed and he was forced to swim to the shore. Aft er telling of his story, he is helped to go back home Ithaca disguised as a resist where he finds he kills all his married womans suitors. The story ends after he has reunited with his family and settled which ends his long ordeal.Ramayana on the other hand is an Indian epic passing regarded for its spiritual depth, psychological insight, full of practical wisdom and just a wonderful tale. This epic is about the story of Rama, whose wife is snatched by a demon baron (Narayan 5). This epic has much influence to the Indian culture, their invigoration and extensively explores human experiences, existence and the perception of dharma. One of the most classical topics it explores is the duty of relationship, for example the perfect wife, the perfect brother, king and the ideal servant. shared out into several books, this epic describes the life of Rama from childhood, his marriage to Sita, his coronation and the subsequent transportation system into the forests, the life he spend at those forests, how his wife was kidnapped by the king of Ravana, up to his final departure from the world.These books have a remarkable analogy both in content and context. They withal contrast sharply in some aspects. For example, both of these poems are epic. Based on famous and brave out characters, these poems occur in different sections or books. Odysseus is written and translated from book 1 up to book twenty four. The same case applies to Ramayana which is written in different Kandas describing the life of Rama. These are named as Ayodhya Kanda, Bala Kanda, Aranya kanda, Sundara Kanda, Kishkinda Kanda, Uttara Kanda and Yuddha Kanda. Al these books describe different aspects of Ramas life which explain the bravery of Rama. Both books are also establish on the lives of heroes. Odysseus was a hero in Greek history who fought the Trojan War and embarked on his journey after the fall of Troy. Ramayana is also establish on the heroic life of Rama who escaped to the forests, s urvived there for extended plosive speech sound of time and fought the Ravana army which had some super natural powers. Both heroes are separated from their wives by inevitable circumstances like Odysseus who is separated his wife by war time Ramas wife is kidnapped (Narayan 10). At the end of both poems, they are re united to their spouses, and live happily after.Another semblance between these poems is the existence of supernatural powers. The Ramayana explains about Ravana, the demon king who kidnapped Ramas wife. In Odyssey, the witch goddess Circe also had some supernatural powers. She was able to turn Odysseus men into swine by feeding them on wine and cheese (Homer 34). Odysseus was only able to escape this wrath because of a type of medicine he had used called moly. It took this goddess to fall in love with Odysseus, to release his men, who remained in the island for over a year. Both heroes were also faced with difficulties and wars in their existence. Odysseus fought w ith the suitors who wanted to take his wife while Rama fought with kidnappers of his wife. It is also important to point out that both heroes believed in existence of spirits and unvariedly sought guidance from them.These two poems also depict women as ideal temptresses and wives. Regardless of goddess circe seduction, and turning men into pigs, we bring in that, Odysseus wife Penelope remained obedient and royal to her husband. Odyssey tells us that, there were so many suitors who remained at her home trying to convince her to marry them, she remained approving of her husbands return which eventually happened. The same case is seen with Sita, Ramas wife who chooses to remain at her husbands side regardless of Soorpanaka, who was known for stealing other womens spouses and sleeping with them, constant tries. Soorpanaka had seen Rama on the course of her wonderings and had sworn to seduce him with all what she had (Narayan 7). These books show a few contrasts like the destiny of b oth heroes. Odysseus settles down with his wife while Rama departures this world.