Cause and Consequences of urbanization in Scotland Essay

This essay will explore relevant cause and consequences of urbanisation in Scotland from 1700-1860. A dictionary-defined term would be the social process whereby cities grow and societies buy the farm more urban.(1. 30/08/2005). Scotland went through huge political and economical changes from the 1700s onwards. The country went from being a cracker-barrel, clownish society with an estimated nation of 1.2 million in 1755, to being urbanised, with the macrocosm rising to over 2.6 million in 1841(Lenman, p281, 2001).This figure is what makes the urbanisation of Scotland so interesting. What were the main factors that caused the population to grow so rapidly? The refinement of population over such a short period and the social changes that occurred with this. The great Agrarian and Industrial revolutions had a major parts to wager in the urbanisation of Scotland and this essay will show some enlightenment on why it was so profoundly noticeable in Scotland. Another berth that will be investigated is the consequences of urbanisation, how the country ultimately became a modern capitalised country from its rural beginnings.Before and up until 1750, Scotland was very much a feudalistic country. Lords rented populates lavish land for them to produce food to survive. In return, the tenant would have to tire the Lords land as well as his own. The Landlord would reap the benefits, the tenant would survive, and as the majority of the people depended on the land as their lively-hood, it was a means to survival. As Devine states,_ In 1750 only one Scot in eight lived in a town (population of 4000 or over) and there was only four towns with more than ten thousand inhabitants_ (Devine, 1999, p125). This shows the enormity of Scots who were living in rural communities, with the main labour being in agriculture, weaving and fishing. The changes to agriculture began with those known as the improvers, whose main outlook was to modernise the way the land was educated.As the population of the country began to rush quickly, the improvers were looking to produce mass food instead of the old way of cultivation. During the period between 1790-1840 new farming equipment was introduced and the land that was formally cultivated using the infield-outfield and rug and furrow method was improved by enclosing the land into fields make it more productive for crops and for livestock Crop rotations were also introduced which was making use of the land at all times.The introduction of single tenant farming as opposed to ferm-touns meant the beginning of the clearances, as well as agricultural tools becoming more efficient. The introduction of threshing machines reduced manual labour and the Smalls plough a two horse plough replaced the Scots plough which required a team of oxen and horses (Devine, 1998, p138). These new ideas did create more food just now they also left people homeless and jobless, as there was less labour needed, which left people no choice b ut to move on into the towns and cities where industry had began creating jobs.The growth of the towns and cities were intricately linked with the agricultural revolution as the mass population relied on the land for the food it produced. The other main point that Devine makes is that as the agricultural market started to accelerate, the need for transposition centres that provided legal, commerce and financial facilities for the rural communities became more prominent, so several towns including Perth, Ayr and Dumfries became the provider of these services. This again contributed to expanding upon of towns, as people were required to work and live in the towns to facilitate these positions (Devine 1998, p32)Therefore, we can gather that three major changes occurred at the same time and they contributed towards urbanisation in Scotland The agrarian revolution along with the population growth, and the expansion of the manufacturing industry.As T.M Devine States,_Urbanisation could not have taken place without a substantial increase in food production to sustain the needs of those who did not cultivate their own food supplies. At the same time, agrarian productivity had to improve in order to release a growing proportion of the population for non-agricultural tasks in towns and cities._ (Devine, 1998, p32)Along with theses changes the manufacturing industry began to grow rapidly. Scotland was a major player in the transatlantic trading industry and due to its geographical position, it was booming in the baccy trade and it would go on to prosper in cotton and linen too. Scotlands Geographical position at this time was very important as it is situated between the Atlantic and Europe, which meant trading from one to the other, was very successful.The two major factors of the Industrial Revolution were, the textile industry and the productivity of the steam engine, which was revolutionised by James Watt in 1769 (Watt James online, 2005). Textiles factories and coalmines could produce more goods and they did not need to be near a water initiation in order to run. Due to this, the larger towns and cities began to grow rapidly._Greenock in 1700 had a population of 2000 and by 1831 it had rose to 27500.__Glasgow went from 31700 to 147000.__Paisley went from 6800 to 47000.__Kilmarnock went from 4400 to 12700__Falkirk went from 3900 to 11500. All within the time period from 1740-1850 (Devine 1998, p35)_The population growth over the short period is the most significant point here as this is what made urbanisation in Scotland different. There are m any(prenominal) an(prenominal) different factors that affected the population growth but some are more significant than others are. Irish Immigration was very prominent and the migration of people from the rural areas had a major impact. For example_ The majority of the migrants were young adults more concentrated in the marriageable and childbearing age groups than were the native inhabitants. High Migration because of its age objet dart was therefore likely to fuel congenital increase in the urban areas_.(Devine 1998,p41) At the same time thehighlanders were leaving the land either through mightiness as the lords applied the new cultivation techniques to the land or through choice. The majority chose to immigrate to America this did not affect the population growth as many Irish migrants were coming to Scotland looking for employment in the booming industries._Urbanisation meant more jobs, a wider diversity of social contacts and infinitely great colour and excitement in the lives of the masses_ (Devine 1998 p43)Mortality rates demonstrate their huge impact on population growth too. It has been suggested that lower death rates, through natural immunity to disease highly contributed to urbanisation, as in the early 1800s the death rate had fallen to 25 per 1000. This suggests that natural immunity and high levels of unemployment speed up the population growth (Devine, 19 98, p48).The effect of industrialisation was economically good for the country, but with it came poverty. The majority of the working class lived in overcrowded housing areas known as slums with no sanitation, and were rife with disease. As Devine argues, during periods of industrial recession when employment had slumped, there were also periods of disease epidemic. These began in 1817-1820(Typhoid), 1826-27(Typhoid) and in 1830-1832, a cholera epidemic that wiped out 10000 people. Periods of recession run parallel, the first being 1816-1818, 1825 and then 1836 (Devine, 1999, p168). In 1839, Death rates rose to 29 per 1000. People were forced to live in frightening living conditions with huge sanitations problems, the towns and cities could not cope with the urban growth and disease was the outcome. Overcrowded, sub-divided housing was a problematic issue in all the major Towns and Cities, especially in Glasgow. _I did not believe until I visited Glasgow, that so large an amount of filth, crime, misery and disease existed in one spot in any one civilised country (_Butt J, 1987 p41-42).People were customised to living in filthy dark, damp squalid conditions amongst disease. As the periods of recession were leaving thousands out of work in a state of poverty, the poor law amendment act was passed in 1845, which replaced the old poor relief laws of the parishes taking responsibly for thepoor. The new law allowed a necessitate to be made under supervision of a board of examiners, it came in the form of indoor relief, which would be admission to a poorhouse if subject had lost the mightiness to work, and outdoor relief, which was for short-term illness, and this may have been in the form of payment or medicine. It could be argued that the industrial revolution was the birth of the working class and capitalism in this country. Those who owned the factories and docks made a great profit and a middle class lifestyle was adopted. This could be said to be the divisi on of the classes, with the armed service of the industrial revolution, people developed a working class or middle class attitude,In conclusion, the evidence points out that several major factors occurred that deepen the urban growth of the nation. The Agrarian revolution started the mass migrating and the industrial revolution provided the work force in order for capitalism to evolve. The consequences of urbanisation were overwhelming, yes the economy did thrive, but at what cost to the working class people, death, disease and misery.

Mis at Coca Cola

Management Information Systems at The coca plant-Cola Company Lewis Bianco Professor Rampersad CMS 315 Due 12/7/10 As a world-wide attracter in the soft drink and beverage industry, Coca Cola maintains a vast corporate and industrial body social organize which serves to run the business line enterprise as smoothly as possible, and enhance all around internal performance. To happen upon this happen, and to grow to where Coca Cola is as a business today, they have amassed a large variety of products, and reached deeply into the global marketplace with these products.Some useful stats which help to realize the corporate landscape of The Coca-Cola Company argon as follows as of 2009 the company employed 92,800 people, featured a line of 3,300+ beverages, boasted 48 consecutive years of increased dividends, and had its products being sold in all over 200 different countries (The Coca-Cola Company, 2009). However, all of this expansion and growth as a business could not take place with erupt signifi kittyt internal structuring.The corporate structure of Coca-Cola utilizes a mix of high end technology and computer systems, collaboration with bottling companies and retailers which exists on a large and impressive scale, as well as a massive focus on advertisement that is constantly on the competitive edge and the horizon of social developments in parliamentary procedure to represent their products most efficiently to customers.Customers atomic number 18 of course, the final and most all-important(a) link in this chain, and Coca-Cola has excelled at finding new and creative ways to reach its customers, while at the selfsame(prenominal) time growing and expanding as a business in assemble to retain its position as the global leader in its industry. An example of Coca Colas extremely large dominion over the beverage industry comes in the form of a statistic, one of several important statistics frame on the Coca Cola corporate website which states that acc ording to a 2009 study, people worldwide consumed an average of 1. billion servings of Coca Cola products per day (The Coca-Cola Company, 2009). In order to manage all of this capital effectively, Coca-Cola employs a highly technological, highly structured system that includes 300 bottling companies independent of Coca-Cola. The company works essentially by producing the syrups, concentrates, and tail products used in Coca-Cola beverages. This is the main purpose of the Coca-Cola Company, along with advertisement and management. After the syrups and bases are manufactured, they are shipped to any of the 300 bottling companies, who finish and package the final product.In this way, Coca-Cola is able-bodied to exist on a global level, while still working with local bottling companies. This is an efficient way to manage such a huge statistical distribution operation, and although corporate oversight plain still exists to a certain extent, it breaks the huge process of distribution up into smaller, more manageable chunks which improve the over-all efficiency of the company. Bottling partners are for the majority not owned by Coca-Cola, and the company prides itself on allowing bottling partners to work completely independently in most cases.An important stat which highlights this corporate relationship mingled with Coca-Cola and bottlers can be found in the Coca Cola 2007 Investors Review, where in a pie graph entitled Companys 2007 Worldwide social social unit Case Volume by Bottler Relationship it shows that a majority 54% of its bottling operation is in non-controlling equity interest. The other portions of Coca Colas unit case volume are as follows 25% no ownership interest, 10% controlling interest, and 11% other which includes foodservice operations as well as the production of juice and sports drinks (The Coca-Cola Company, 2007).As we can see, the importance of these bottling partners cannot be underestimated, as it is their responsibility to manuf acture the product and package it to vendors, who are the next key member in the structure of The Coca-Cola Company. The vendors are little intimately involved with the workings of the company as a whole but are equally important as it is their job to actually sell the products to customers. In this way, we see that the organizational structure that exists from within and without The Coca-Cola Company is elegantly simple, and is prosperous for bottling companies who are allowed to take part in the ompany without being owned by it. This is definitely any(prenominal)thing that most consumers dont know virtually Coca-Cola, but it is a defining factor that makes the company what it is today. It is obviously important to understand how this relates to management information systems and in the sense of that term, without such systems in place the process by which information is bring ined that is needed to make decisions on behalf of 300 independent bottlers as well as retailers would be a much less easily manageable task.The Coca-Cola Company also has a unique relationship with its retailers and vendors, the people who actually sell its products. Through Coca-Colas superb information management, they are able to reliably track information about their products and make adjustments to their business strategy accordingly online accordingly. We see that management information systems are perfectly suited to a task homogeneous this as it allows Coca-Cola to gather bulk data on sales and details on the nature of those sales.This insight into the market is a big reason why it is possible for Coca-Cola to run on such a large level with independent businesses working together in this way. The information gained through the use of management information systems is apply by Coca-Cola in several different levels of the business structure which was mentioned in detail earlier.A simple and effective way of summing up this process is laid out in the publication Management Information Systems, Controllers Handbook by the where it states MIS also enhances job performance throughout an institution. At the most cured levels, it provides the data and information to help the board and management make strategic decisions. At other levels, MIS provides the means through which the institutions activities are monitored and information is distributed to management, employees, and customers. (Comptroller of the Currency administrator of bailiwick Banks). With this information, and general knowledge on the matter it is easy to see that this method of gaining large amounts of data is becoming an industry standard by indispensableness and those businesses who utilize management information systems will have a competitive edge in their markets. This is due to the foresight that this data offers into who is buying products, how many are being bought, and where they are being bought.Another important area where management information systems come into play with Th e Coca-Cola Company is that of online sales, and especially in todays market no major business can afford to disregard this tool. As many companies do in todays industry, Coca-Cola chose to find another business to help organize and run their e-commerce sector. This companys job is to essentially serve as a massive inventory center for Coca-Cola, in order to help with their distribution and shipping of products that customers may buy online.The shift towards the importance of e-commerce created a change in the marketplace that successful companies were able to adapt to beforehand(predicate) on. The most noticeable change that companies had to undergo after the rise of e-commerce was the fact that focus and control shifted from the retailer to the customer in online markets. No longer were retailers allowed to have the hours during which customers could purchase things, and the demand could not be affected by how much any given retailer ordered for stock.With the online shopping ex perience, the companies themselves had to bend to the will of the customer in an even more in depth way than ever before. With this challenge of course came the necessity for increased data from online sales. A company like Coca-Cola has prospered very well from a combination of using all possible information to react to the changing market, as well as utilize some of the same practices that make them so successful with offline sales.Perhaps the biggest perk to having the internet at Coca-Colas disposal for the purposes of collecting and utilizing data is the fact that the speed of the internet can make for a much smoother over-all operation. As it is stated in the book E-Commerce by Ritendra Goel, delays in inventory tracking and management can undulate from the cash register all the way back to raw material production, creating inventory shortages at any stage of the value chain.The internet promises to increase business efficiency by reducing reporting delays and increasing repo rting accuracy. Speed is clearly the business imperative for the value chain (Goel, 2007). This is a very important concept to understand as it shows how important the collection of up to date data is for a company like Coca-Cola, especially when the nature of their corporate structure contains over 300 independent bottlers and even more song of vendors and retailers. Effective management of all of this data is what allows this unique structure to prosper.Being a global leader in its market, The Coca-Cola Company is in a unique position as a business. It has over 80 years of history behind it, and in that time has grown to become one of the most recognizable names in the world when it comes to beverages. Because of this, they can accelerate past much of the research and development that younger, less established companies must undergo. However, with such a huge business, the need for effective and fast data collection and storage is absolutely imperative.The unique structure of the business, with Coca-Cola mainly making syrups and concentrates, while 300 bottling companies make the finished product calls for even more careful management and analyses of this data in order to turn these numbers and figures into profit. After researching into what makes this company tick it is easy to see how Coca-Cola has become so successful in todays market.Bibliography Comptroller of the Currency Administrator of National Banks. (n. d. ). Management Information Systems Controllers Handbook. Retrieved December 2, 2010, from Office of the Comptroller of the Currency http//www. occ. gov/static/publications/handbook/mis. pdf Goel, R. (2007). E-Commerce. New Age International . The Coca-Cola Company. (2009). Growth, Leadership, and Sustainability. Retrieved December 2, 2010, from The Coca-Cola Company http//www. thecoca-colacompany. com/ourcompany/index. html The Coca-Cola Company. (2007). The quarrel of Refreshment 2007 Annual Review . Executive Communications, The Coca-Cola Company.

To Kill a Moking Bird, Compassion and Respect

English I Section 6 23 surround 2012 Compassion and Respect Respect and compassion are what everyone needs to have in life to have a great relationship between others and so that life can be peaceful. In Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird watch learns about honour and compassion and how authorized they are to lead a good life. Through the characterization of Scout as a young girl who learns about the feeling of others, Lee demonstrates that deal need to learn compassion and adore to watch the feelings of others.When Reverend Sykes tells Scout to stand up when her take passes, it illustrates the respect that the blacks have for Atticus. After Atticus loses the footrace and leaves the courtroom all the blacks in the balcony stand, but Scout doesnt. Reverend Sykes tells her, Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your fathers passin (211). Scout does not stand for her father because she does not understand what is happening. The blacks are standing to show their respects towards Atticus an d how he tried so hard to win the trail. notwithstanding though Atticus helpless the trial they still feel so grateful for how hard he tried to win the case and how he changed peoples minds. Scout learns respect for her father for how hard he tried to do the right thing. When Jem tells scout not to crush the bufflehead, it illustrates the compassion Jem has towards the roly-poly. Right before Scout was to crush the roly-poly Jem stopped her and told her to let it out on the back porch, but Scout questions Jem on why she should not kill it. Jem tells her because they dont bother you (238). Scout does not understand why Jem does not want her to kill the bug because she is too young and ignorant.Jem tells her not to because he understands life and how its not bothering you and its just peaceful. Even though Scout still does not understand she still lets it out on the back porch. People need to learn compassion and respect to understand the meaning of others, like Scout and the roly-po ly and Scout and the courtroom with Atticus. This theme is important because it shows that people in life need to learn compassion and respect to understand others in life, if people went around just doing what they wanted and not thinking about the people and things around them, then the world would be a totally different place.

Twilight: Movie vs Book

The Twilight saga is a fantasy book that became even more popular with the impression that came reveal two years after the book. Twilight is about a teenage girl that brings danger to her livelihood by falling in love with an immortal vampire. The book is written by Stephanie Meyer who has written 3 more books to the series. Even thought that the movie Twilight was based on the book it had a diffuse of differences and thither were a lot of missing parts.One of the biggest differences is that the book is written from Bellas thoughts it is really she who narrates the situations she is in. The reader gets to be Bella in a way and you find out everything she thinks and feels about Edward. Although in the movie reflects on twain Bella and Edward, by watching the movie you dont get the same feeling as in the book. If there are some private thoughts of Bella that the viewer must know about, you get them in the context of the recital it feels almost like Bella is writing a diary.Anot her important difference is how Bella finds out that Edward is a vampire. In the book, the trail they are going in is having a dance and because Bella is not really that in to dancing she and Edward reconcile to go to Seattle, but the dont even go to Seattle instead Edward takes Bella to the meadow and tells her what he is and he reveals himself in the sunlight so that she flowerpot see that he is sparkling in the sunlight.In the movie they are in front of their school preparing to go to class and Edward decides to go to the nearby forest, Bella went after him and she confessed that she knows what he is, Edward was impress and he tries to scare her by showing himself in to the sunlight so that she can see that he is sparkling. However the book and the movie have a lot of similarities as well. The family dynamics are set forth very well. In the book Bellas mother Rene is very eccentric and she cares a lot about Bella, even though she does not get more than a few minutes in the m ovie, you can easily see her personality.It is the same with Bellas father Charlie, he did not spend much season with Bella when she was little and the awkwardness between them is described well in the book and in the movie. Altogether both the book and the movie follow the same storyline. As I mentioned earlier the movie is based on the book twilight and it is hard to miss that, they have the same method and all the important characters. I would recommend to read the book first and then watching the movie because the small differences in the movie are significant as of course that depends from the viewers.

Group Work in the Human Service Industry Essay

Group work has been cited as playing an integral role in ensuring that quite a little achieve more collaboratively than working as individuals. In addition, concourse work has been perceived as a robust mechanism of helping people attain some novel skills and specific destinations, in general when a group is founded upon a particular objective. Nonetheless, despite these benefits attributed to working in groups, it is supreme to be sensible of the fact that in many another(prenominal) campaigns, it requires extended efforts to ensure that a group evolves into an effective team.Against this backdrop, this paper go forth analyze the group work within the human service field with the focus group be coarse Doors, whose operations ar founded on the need to fend for youngish people who identify as being gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender. It is fundamental to briefly explore this scheme aimed at getting a comprehensive insight into its groups work operations, group work theory underpinning it among other tenets. Human Services Although the nomenclature human services groundwork mean assorted things according to individual experiences, not everyone understands the constancy or field as a whole.The human service constancy according to Woodside and McClam (20114-9) is extremely complex to define, although overall, it is the overarching industry of professionals that provide a diverse range of services to humans in need. The aim of the professionals within the industry is to work with people to support, assist and em might them to meet their own needs whether those needs argon for food, shelter, carnal or emotional to name a few. Therefore, the human service field is at the forefront of many of the youth services provided both locally and overseas. rotate Doors at a glance jibe to Open Doors website (20121), this group is located at the center of Brisbane and its core undertaking revolve around the provision of counsel and support services for the young people between the ages twelve to twenty four who identify as being lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT). The core goal of this organization is to foster resilience among this target group through and through the facilitation of opportunities aimed at receiving supports which is need specific networks, as well as enjoying lives characterised by positive relationships.This is enabled through support provision, referral, advocacy and capacity maturation within the organization (Woodley, J 2012, pers. Comm. , 20th August). In regard to the caseful of group work, Open Doors can be categorized as a social action group. accord to Preston-Shoot (198716) this form of a group aims at the utilization of the resources at group level for collective king in the efforts to campaign for social transformations, as well as the inherent rights of the members within these particular groups.It is jussive mood to explore group theory in order to understand the undertakings of Op en Doors. Group theory According to Galanes and Adams (20078), the group theory perceives a group as being comprised of two or more people who have a common sensory faculty of purpose and make extended efforts to achieve a contract goal. Against this backdrop, it is apparent that the activities of Open Doors are ground on the need to solve a common baulk in society which is the discriminatory attitude hulled against the LGBTs.Thus, individuals come together with the core goal of solving this altercate through diverse mechanisms like advocacy, referrals among others previously mentioned. Thus, the activities of Open Doors are founded on the ongoing needs in the society which call for redress. This is chiefly embedded in the vision statement of Open Doors which states that all young people from different genders and sexualities have the chance to enjoy full experience and have true fellowship of pride in life (Open Doors website, 20121).In reference to Open Doors, it is worth not ing that groups undergo several distributor points in the course of their growth. These are forming, storming, norming, performing and lastly, adjourning (Tuckman, 1965396). These stages are explored in the subsequent section. Forming In the forming stage, the group is just culmination together and shyness and uncertainty tend to characterise this particular epoch. This fact is supported by Tuckman and Jensen (1977423) who driven that anxiety, dependency and a combination of confusion and curiosity tend to characterise this stage.In addition, the group members are primarily concerned with taste whose accomplishment is arrived at through testing. This testing serves the sole purpose of the appointment of both parturiency-related as well as interpersonal boundaries in the group (Tuckman 1965396). In the context of Open Doors, this stage entails the coming together of LGBTs who have diversity in terms of past discrimination in the society, age and gender. Most of the members are shy to disclose their challenges and most of the time is spent through the orientation processes aimed at demarcating the interpersonal boundaries.Eventually, the more bold members of the group ultimately assume some sought of leadership, a point which ushers in the next stage storming. Storming Extensive skills in problem solving are need in this stage, and a determining factor in the success of the group. This is a stage which is characterised by extensive conflict revolving around the interpersonal issues as well as simultaneous response to tasks (Tuckman 1965396). In this stage, the members are preoccupied with the conflict based on power divisions as they try to ascertain who possess power and authority in the group (Preston-Shoot, 198735).In the case of Open Doors, this stage can be characterised by extensive conflicts between various members in the group, with each trying to assert authority over the others, for instance, based on gender divisions. Eventually, there is est ablishment of a power structure in the group which pilots the cash advance to the next stage of norming. Norming Tuckman and Jensen (1977423) noted that this is the maturity stage where there is resolution of the norms and there is an apparent development of inter-dependency and trust among the members.This entails the distinction of the contributions as well as behaviors which are acceptable in the group. In the case of Open Doors, this stage is characterised by members efforts to identify the norms governing their interpersonal as well as task relationships as they attempt to forge and shape the idea of the groups identity. Nonetheless, it is imperative to be certified of the fact that lack of proper decision making mechanisms and limited consensus in this stage can issuing to the group slipping back into the storming stage. PerformingSome proponents usually identify this as the final stage of group development. There is flexibility and functionality of the individually or coll ectively mandated roles as all the energy in the group is directed towards achieving the goals at hand (Tuckman 1965396). In the case of Open Doors, this stage entails the delegation of different responsibilities to individuals or sub-groups aimed at achieving the overall goal of the group. This can be perceived in terms of different individuals being mandated with the roles of advocacy, referrals and support provision among others.Adjourning Despite the fact that the activities of Open Doors are ongoing, distinct groups within the organization attempting to attain certain goals within a specified timeframe reach the adjourning stage. In addition, this stage can be reached when some of the group members surpass the age limit of twenty four years as stipulated by the organization which oblige them to leave the groups. This stage is characterised by the completion of the task at hand and eventual disengagement from the group members and the task (Frances 200817).In most cases, the LGB T members in particular sub-groups will be squelched that they have achieved their respective goals. Challenges and benefits for participants and facilitators equally for Open Doors There are diverse challenges as well as benefits for the participants as well as the facilitators in Open Doors. In regard to challenges for the facilitators, there is bound to be confrontations with the LGBTs which can become a major impediment in the efforts to achieve the goals of the groups.Nonetheless, Brandler and Roman (1999218) noted that it is imperative to keep the confrontations simples and to the point. Another challenge can be when communicating principles and strategies to the groups where there can be fortress and non-compliance from the LGBTs. On the side of the participants, the challenges of mistrust as well as conflicts in the earlier stages of group development as mentioned can be a major challenge. This can halt the progress towards achieving the ultimate goal of the group, not for getting the detrimental effects of these conflicts on the self-esteem of the participants.In regard to benefits, the participants gain a sense of belonging from the group work, experience elevated self-esteem and pride as well as creating networks which can help them in confronting daily challenges in society. On the other hand, the facilitators have an opportunity to understand the kinetics among different participants, for instance, communication and interaction patterns which can assist them in helping future participants (Toseland & Rivas, 200590).ConclusionIn conclusion, it is apparent from the above discourse that group work in the human service field plays a major role in the achievement of collective goals in society as expounded in group theory. Most of the groups go through five stages of forming, storming, norming, performance and adjourning. Nonetheless, it is imperative to be cognizant of the fact that away from the benefits in groups, there are diverse challenges emb edded therein for both the participants and facilitators as explored in the foregoing section.

Wattie Frozen Foods Ltd

The firms competitive environment is in New Zealand, Australia, and the Pacific Rim. They fetch head teacher quarters in Auckland and four factories located in Gisborne, Hastings, Fielding, and Christchurch.The range is frozen and dehydrated ve absorbable products, master(prenominal) products being peas, beans and frenches fried potatoes.Growers ar contracted to WFF and are provided with a significant amount of technical assistance, including the availability of quality seed stock, and a wide variety of agricultural management assistance. Once crops are deemed fudge they are harvested quickly and transported immediately to the branch factory, where the crop reception department tests the quality of the incoming produce. At the factory the season processing is done around the clock. I.e.) potatoes are first washed, then sliced, deep-fried, frozen and packed. Peas are washed, graded, and then frozen for bulk storage. Beans are washed, graded dried, and packed.Problems with season ality in the business are that you may streak out of stock in a non-season where that product is not being produced. To get that product in a non-season could be quite expensive. The season for that product could produce a bad crop and you would have to wait until next season to get the next crop.Work Center Management is that the organization is divide up into a set of semiautonomous civilize centers. Each work center will have apt supervisors and employees who will be able to make critical decisions to manufacture a quality product in a timely manner. There is day by day reporting because the information will be more efficacious and ownership of the information is more likely. Daily reporting will occur because is will come from the click and travel its way up.The motivation for WCM consisted of 2 things1. The need to change the emphasis from reporting to managing trim back the time in the midst of actions and the subsequent reporting results. Ensure focused accountabilit y through clearly define responsibilities for personifys and the power to act.2. The need for staff involvement and operational involvementIt is necessary to change the organizational culture because WCM made managers fully prudent for their outputs and use of inputs and resources including labor, equipment, services and inventories. Thus management has to be empowered, responsible and fully empowered.The culture change was achieved by dividing each factory into units, which were largely self-contained and small large to ensure focused management and accountability. Each of these units, were to be known as work centers. Each work center had one manager, the site manager (factory manager) would support the work center managers to coordinate work between the work centers and solve any conflicts.The physical numbers tie into the financial accounting system by cost is assigned to processes or products at the basis of the actual consumption of physical resources.The benefits of WCM are that it is incorporate with other systems and programs, which provides better managerial reporting. It doesnt just provide cost and financial performance measures, barely also provides monthly summaries of wide physical measures to evaluate the work centers. The WCM has resulted in improved control and cost reductions in difficult to control areas. Other benefits of WCM include Improved focus on quality takingsPotential problems in operating the WCM system are that eventually staff and management will get lazy on the daily reporting aspects. There may be staff turnover, as virtually managers will get promoted and training will have to be given to the next line of forthcoming management. WCM will have to be continuously monitored to see the cost vs. benefit analysis.The types of operations that lend themselves to daily financial reporting are labor, electricity, materials, and machinery.

MediaCorp’s “Police and Thief” Essay

1. Short abstract of my understanding of the question and my thesis statement2. State some obvious similarities and differences between the 2 slip-up studies.3. Dissect each case study with the following categories in minda. Narrativesb. Genresc. Representationd. Ideologye. Scenes4. expiry5. Some other things to think ab proscribeda. Give concrete examples.b. Aspects of styles.These both(prenominal) shows are very Singaporean. By this I mean that they contain many elements which are unique to my country, elements which only within the paradigm of our baseball club will resonate with local viewers. Homerun, an Asian remake of the internationally acclaimed Iranian movie Children of Heaven is a movie adopted by Jack Neo, who is a local celebrity best issuen for his comedic artistic creation and the many funniness shows under his name. guard and Thief is a relatively new weekly half-hour sitcom shown on Channel 5 which has yet to set a foothold in the partiality of local audi ences. These locally produced shows use, essentially different techniques in many areas to present the novel to us season making use of our receives as Singaporeans to help us understand and appreciate the shows from their story/ biz to the surprises and nuances contained within. I will proceed to show you how the techniques used are also more different than similar.A peculiarity between the both shows is the element of narration. Cause and effect is employed to effectively present the story or stories in the shows. It is not un super acid to find secondary stories in an circumstance of a situation comedy or sitcom. These are often inserted into the plot and often come together in conclusion at the end of the episode. In Police and Thief, the show starts off on this episode with Lee Tok Kong the main typesetters case of the show wanting to get under the blanket with his wife and due to common reasons of tiredness and falling asleep quickly, has his pleas ignored.This chance is related to how Tok Kong later reacts to the wiles of a less than archetypical femme fatale. at that place is another story inserted in between, which shows how the neighbours sons, Rudy and Rafi having an unspoken conflict over a common love interest. This plot development has no explicit and implicit impact on the main story mentioned earlier. It almost feels the likes of tokenism has taken place, either to fill up the half hour of screen time or to confide emphasis to the other characters in the sitcom.In Homerun, it is quickly established that poverty leads to a lack of options and therefrom with the losing of shoe early into the movie, we see the main cause in the show that explains later effects. The show revolves almost how the main characters are thwarted at every attempt to obtain a new gibe of shoes or retrieve the old pair. We do not see scenes that have no semblance to any other. In fact the entire narration of Homerun is ab come in a search for a cause-shoes. both(prenominal) the shows have different range of stories. in that location is less suspense buildup in Police and Thief and this is in all likelihood due to circumscribe narration where both the audience and the characters in the show know the same discipline at relatively equal times. The only example of unrestricted narration in the recent episode was when Rudy cheated on his promise to his brother Rafi behind his back to get a chance to go prohibited with the girl, Cecilia, they both like. Rafi only found it out in another scene when Cecilia whom similarly does not know of the conflict called their home. In this case, we know more than several characters in the show at a occurrence time.In Homerun, during the opening sequence of Chew Kiat Kun running errands for his family, it is quickly established that a rag-and-bone man had taken a dash the pair of shoes which Kiat Kun had put wad. Kiat Kun has no idea how the shoes had mysteriously disappeared and hence his sis Seo w Fang too. In this scene alone, a beautiful play on camera angle suffices to keep us in suspense till much later in the show. This seemingly passing top down close up scene of the gnarled hands removing the shoes helps to tug hard at our partiality strings when we later realize the rag-and-bone man is blind. The above is a good example of how both restricted and unrestricted narration can be developed from one scene. We know who had taken away the shoes (unrestricted narration) but like the characters in the show we have no idea he was blind (restricted narration).These two shows belong to the 2 commonest genres in Singapore. Police and Thief can be classified as belong to the HDB genre. In fact this plot of this particular sitcom revolves around the conflict showd by two men who live in close proximity. It has an appeal particular to local viewers who are able to appreciate the familiar settings. One example which we can relate to is the scene of Lily, Tok Kongs wife who repeat s a punch line in a scene where her face is framed in the center of our common older HDB window panes. It is common to see neighbours walking and talking from the same angle for those who have lived in HDB flats.Homerun is a social commentary and even as it is based in 1965, the year Singapore became independent, it reflects on socio-political situations which were prevalent during the time of filming i.e. the water issue between Malaysia and Singapore. Another genre which is mixed into both these shows is the coffee shop genre, featuring many scenes of meeting and interactions at local coffee shops. We see this in Police and Thief where Tok Kong was existence interviewed by a lady near the beginning of the show and in Homerun, Kiat Kun helps out his teacher from school who is close to collapsing from shortness of breath at a roadside coffee shop.There is obvious stereotyping in Police and Thief. Tok Kong is your typical gangster or Ah Beng in colloquial terms. He has wild, pointy gelled hairclothsbreadth and wears colourful clothing, even for sleeping attire (Opening scenes). His heavily accented Singapore Colloquial English (SCE) ( presumet play with my heart) and his love for techno music scream Ah Beng. He is put in direct contrast with his neighbour and antagonist in the show Sergeant Dollah who is a policeman. Dollah is characterized with short hair, very decent and righteous.These stereotypes alone set the premise for tension and conflict as neighbours. It is akin to Phua Chu Kang versus his sister-in-law Margaret. The stereotypes in Homerun broadly score the sizeable and the poor. A simple comparison can be made between Beng Soon and Kiat Kun, friends of glacial ends of the economic spectrum whose relationship sours then mends in the course of the show. Beng Soon is cast in shirts, clean with well-gelled hair (in school) and stands at a good head taller than Kiat Kun. His friend however is almost always dirty, with smudges on his undershirt and /or face. Even during a game of soccer, Beng Soon provides the soccer boots and he is the only one on the field with soccer socks.Tok Kong as the gangster also becomes an icon easily associated with local shows of similar genres. There is no obvious icon in Homerun. It uses a motif rather, to play out the story. There were four-fold scenes of close ups of your Bata white or dirty shoes (in the shops or in the background with Seow Fangs face in the focus). Many scenes of tension started because of shoes e.g. the shoes slipping off and into a canal panoptic of rushing water and even in the scene where Seow Fangs teacher paces as the children are exercising). These scenes feature film changes in music, close ups with dialogue in the background, all to draw attention to the motif in the show.During the scene at the well with the confrontation between the two groups of boys, we see wealth being equated with powerfulness, that Beng Soon who was the rich one could actually decide who g ot to use the well. This is perhaps the directors ideology portraying the way Malaysia hordes over us in the water issue. The premise of Homerun revolved around three things shoes, intelligence and power being associated with wealth. Jack Neo parodies the socio-political situation between Singapore and Malaysia using the three elements with shoes being the water, Singapore being the more intelligent country and power that Malaysia holds over us due to their top-flight water resource.The two shows end differently too. The end of the sitcom is close without answered questions while the cryptic shutdown of Homerun leaves us pondering what the director would have us think as we leave the cinema. There is no element of suspense left in Police and Thief to entice the audience to look out for the next episode, unlike a soap opera.Even as both shows make use of our experience to enhance our appreciation and understanding of the shows, they obviously use several different techniques and so me similar ones to pull in forth the essence of each individual story. These different methods highlight certain elements essential to the plot of the stories and at long last help us to enjoy the shows as Singaporeans.